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OBJECTIVE: To establish the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the caulis of Chimonanthus nitens and evaluate the product quality by chemometrics analysis method. METHODS: The method was developed on an Amethyst C18-H column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)by gradient elution with acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1% formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mLmin-1. The column temperature was maintained at 28℃, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The main characteristic peaks was identified by comparing the retention time and UV absorption characteristics. Then 10 batches of the caulis of Chimonanthus nitens were evaluated by similarity assay, HCA, and PCA. RESULTS: The HPLC fingerprint of the caulis of Chimonanthus nitens was established and three main peaks were identified. The similarity of 10 batches of the caulis of Chimonanthus nitens was about 0.978 0 to 0.991 9. CONCLUSION: The established method can be used for the quality control of the caulis of Chimonanthus nitens.
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Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of rhein (RH) in rat plasma and kidney simultaneously. Methods: An HPLC method was developed to determine the concentration of RH in rat plasma, which was corrected with protein binding. Renal microdialysis (MD) technique was employed to collect dialysate sample continuously. Then the MD samples were detected by HPLC-MS/MS method. Results: RH was distributed into kidney of rats rapidly after administration. The maximum concentration of RH in rat kidney was reached at 1 h followed by continuously decreased. During the whole process, the concentration of RH in rat kidney was significantly lower than that in plasma after administration. The MRT of RH in plasma and kidney was (87.217 ± 29.889) and (122.387 ± 12.521) min, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUC) of RH in plasma and kidney were (114.236 ± 45.585) and (16.596 ± 1.732) μg·min/mL, respectively. The kidney penetration was 0.161 ± 0.056. Conclusion: Simultaneous pharmacokinetic study in rat plasma and kidney is an effective method to investigate drug kidney penetration. RH can penetrate rat's kidney after administration to exert its effect.
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Objective To explore the epidemical pattern of acute schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake area so as to provide the scientific evidence for control-strategy-making. Methods The data of acute schistosomiasis in 12 counties along Poyang Lake from 1960 to 2007, including the data of 2 special investigations from 1982 to 1984 and from 1987 to 1989 were collected and analyzed with the retrospective investigation methods. Results There were 29 864 cases of acute schistosomiasis in 12 counties of Poyang Lake area from 1960 to 2007, accounting for 85.5% of the total acute schistosomiasis cases of Jiangxi Province. The largest number of cases existed in Yugan County, accounting for 18. 7%. The peak of acute schistosomiasis prevalence was in 1987 with 2 088 cases. However, the case of acute schistosomiasis declined significantly, keeping at a low level, since 1990. During the 2 special investigations, the people whose age were lower than 30 years old, were the susceptible populations of acute schistosomiasis (86. 1% and 82. 9% , respectively) , most of them were peasants and students, and the infection rates were 57. 4% and 21.2%, 61.7% and 21. 8%, respectively. Fishing and swimming were the main infection ways, with the infection rates of 43.0% and 44.9% , respectively. The peak season of infection was from April to October. Conclusions The river bank and continent of Poyang Lake are the main infection areas, the spring and autumn are the main epidemic seasons and the susceptible populations are the peasants, fishmen and young students. It is very important to enhance the comprehensive prevention and treatment measures in the key areas and population for schistosomiasis control.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the pathohistological changes of the livers and the clinical features of patients with biliary tract complications after their orthotopic liver transplantations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Sept 1998 to June 2005 clinical and pathological data of 173 post-liver transplantation patients with biliary tract complications were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Biliary tract complications occurred within 3-2920 days after the transplantation operations. These complications occurred within 1-30 days, 31-90 days, 91-180 days, 180 days at rates of 49.71%, 17.92%, 4.62%, 27.74% respectively. The complications were of inflammatory nature in 171 cases, (72.25%), and of obstructive nature in 164 cases (27.74%). The main pathological changes were epithelium degeneration of interlobular bile ducts, inflammatory cell infiltration in portal areas, proliferation of interlobular bile ducts, fibrosis in portal areas, cholestasis in small bile ducts and hepatocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Many of the biliary tract complications of post-liver transplantation in our cases were of inflammatory nature and they often occurred within 30 days after the surgery. Obstructive nature complications often occurred in 90 days after the surgery and the prognosis of these cases was much poorer. The pathological changes of live tissues shown in liver biopsies are important for prognostic evaluation, differential diagnosis and categorization of biliary tract complications.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biliary Tract Diseases , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Cholangitis , Epidemiology , Gallstones , Epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis , General Surgery , Liver Neoplasms , General Surgery , Liver TransplantationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Survivin mRNA in lung cancer tissue microarray (TMA) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method, and determine the role and significance of it in lung cancer genesis and progress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Survivin mRNA was detected by FISH method and TMA technology. Fifty-four cases of lung cancer and 10 cases of normal lung tissue were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Survivin mRNA was expressed in 66.7% (36/54) of lung cancer; the positive ratio of lung cancer was significantly higher than that of normal lung tissue (0/10; chi2 = 15.238, P < 0.05). The positive ratio of Survivin mRNA was significantly higher in poor differentiated cancer (20/24, 83.3%) than moderate and well differentiated cancer (16/30, 53.3%; chi2 = 5.40, P < 0.05). The positive ratio of Survivin mRNA was significantly higher in group with lymph node metastasis (27/32, 84.4%) than without lymph node metastasis (9/22, 40.9%; chi2 = 11.084, P < 0.05). The positive ratio of Survivin mRNA was significantly higher in stage III-IV(12/13, 92.3%) than stage I - II (24/41, 58.5%; chi2 = 5.066, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Survivin mRNA highly expresses in lung cancer, which is related to the progress and malignant behavior. Survivin may play a promoting role in lung cancer genesis and progress and provide a basis for estimating prognosis and treatment.</p>